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Zapobieganie oszustwom i należyta staranność · StartLiving Group
Oszustwa związane z magazynowaniem w zbiornikach, fałszywe POP, opłaty z góry, mity o alokacji — rozpoznaj je, zanim zapłacisz.
KYC, Sanctions Screening and Due Diligence in Commodity Trading: What a Compliant Counterparty File Looks Like
Banks, insurers and serious counterparties will not touch a commodity deal without a complete KYC file. This article lists what a compliant counterparty file contains, how sanctions screening is done and how due diligence separates a refinery, mill or smelter from an intermediary with a letterhead.
The Upfront-Fee Trap: NCNDA/IMFPA, Mandates and the Real Procedure
Intermediary chains, "ICC 400/500/600" contracts and mandates with no principal all lead to one request: pay something before anything happens. How legitimate intermediation works, what the ICC actually publishes, and the procedure that never requires an advance.
Gold Doré and "LBMA" Bullion Fraud: Assay, Chain of Custody and Refinery-to-Vault Delivery
Offers of gold doré from Africa and "LBMA bars" at a discount share one feature: the gold never arrives. It explains how gold doré and bullion fraud works, what a real assay and chain of custody look like and why refinery-to-vault delivery with payment after assay is the only safe structure.
Why "POP" by E-mail PDF Is Never Proof of Product
Tank storage receipts, SGS reports, injection reports and product passports arrive as PDFs every day. None of them prove that product exists. What real verification of a fuel or sugar cargo looks like, and the sequence that honest sellers accept.
ICUMSA 45 Sugar Scams: Brazilian "Mills", Fake SGS Reports and the Real Export Procedure
Most ICUMSA 45 offers from "Brazilian mills" are not from mills at all. This guide shows how the sugar scam is built, how to recognise a fake SGS report and what the real export procedure from Santos or Paranaguá looks like, from mill registration to the letter of credit.
Dip Test (TTT/TTO) Scams in Fuel Trading: Why "Tank-to-Tank" Offers Rarely End in a Cargo
Tank-to-tank (TTT) and tank take-over (TTO) offers promise a dip test before payment and sound safe. This article explains how the dip test scam actually extracts money, why genuine refiners never sell this way and what procedure a real in-tank transfer follows.
Fake Tank Storage Receipts and DTA Documents: How to Verify a Rotterdam or Houston Tank Farm
Tank storage receipts, DTAs and injection reports are the most forged documents in fuel trading. This guide explains what a genuine terminal document looks like, how Rotterdam and Houston tank farms actually work and how to verify a tank farm before any payment.