지식 센터
사양 및 분석 · StartLiving Group
모든 원자재의 화학적·물리적 사양, 표준 및 시험 방법.
Urea 46% granular vs prilled: specification, biuret, moisture and bagging for tender buyers
Urea 46% granular and prilled are the same chemical in two physical forms, and tenders treat them differently. This guide sets out the specification lines that matter, nitrogen, biuret, moisture, particle size and anti-caking, and the bagging and inspection terms a tender buyer should write in.
Copper cathode Grade A (LME, BS EN 1978): certificate of analysis, brands and tolerances
What Grade A copper cathode means under the LME contract and BS EN 1978 Cu-CATH-1: the impurity limits, what a genuine certificate of analysis contains, why the producer brand matters more than the assay, and the quantity, weight and pricing tolerances in a real cathode contract.
LNG spot cargo specification: GHV, Wobbe index, methane number and what a buyer must check
An LNG spot cargo specification is a composition range, not a single grade. This guide explains gross heating value, Wobbe index, methane number, nitrogen and contaminant limits, how they are calculated under ISO 6976, and what a buyer must check before confirming a DES or FOB cargo.
D6 virgin fuel oil: what it is, who really buys it, and the spec sheet red flags
D6 virgin fuel oil is the US residual grade No. 6 under ASTM D396, sold by refiners to power plants and bunker blenders on term contracts. This guide explains the real specification, who the genuine buyers are, and the spec sheet and procedure red flags that mark a fake offer.
Jet A-1 specification explained: ASTM D1655 and DEF STAN 91-091 limits
What a Jet A-1 specification actually requires: the ASTM D1655 and DEF STAN 91-091 limits for density, flash point, freezing point, sulphur, thermal stability and conductivity, where the two standards differ, and which certificate a buyer should ask for.
ICUMSA 45 vs ICUMSA 150: What the Number Really Means
The ICUMSA number is a colour reading, not a grade name. What 45 and 150 IU mean, which other parameters define refined and crystal sugar, and why polarisation, ash and moisture decide whether a cargo is fit for purpose.
How to Read an EN 590 10 ppm Specification Sheet
A line-by-line guide to the EN 590 diesel specification: sulphur, cetane, density, distillation, CFPP, lubricity and FAME, and how to tell a guaranteed refinery spec from a marketing sheet.